Scientists experience uncertainty about what to pay attention to as investigations start to deliver “results.” They have to figure out, and often spend considerable time debating, what forms of evidence are important and not important.

Scientists have to decide how to record and compare attributes, often generating and using a particular scale (e.g. distance, temperature, color, moisture).

Scientists have to specify the attributes they care about and see them in the same way as others. This often includes asking, “What do we mean by...” (e.g., size, force, health) and differentiating or bounding attributes.